{"id":1008,"date":"2016-06-27T14:54:06","date_gmt":"2016-06-27T14:54:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.apogeephoto.com\/?p=1008"},"modified":"2016-12-27T11:53:42","modified_gmt":"2016-12-27T11:53:42","slug":"why-do-aerial-photography-part-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.apogeephoto.com\/why-do-aerial-photography-part-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Do Aerial Photography – Preparation And techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thus far in this series, we\u2019ve laid the \u201cgroundwork\u201d<\/a> (so to speak) for capturing great aerial images. We\u2019ve looked at some of the equipment<\/a> (both aviation and photographic) best suited for the aerial environment. And we\u2019ve discussed some common camera settings<\/a> used to get consistently good, sharp photos.<\/p>\n

Now, let\u2019s take all that we\u2019ve learned and put our newfound techniques to work \u2013 let\u2019s go flying!<\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/p>\n

Riverfront along Downtown Norfolk, Virginia <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Aerial
\nFlight plans are typically made according to \u201cHow the Crow Flies\u201d – shortest and straightest distance between two points.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Aerial
\nMake sure the bird has all its feathers \u2013 and good brakes<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/p>\n

Radios \u2013 check. Flight instruments \u2013 check. Communications equipment \u2013 check.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Real Adventure<\/strong><\/p>\n

Let\u2019s take a trip. We\u2019ll fly from Richmond, Virginia to the Tidewater areas of Norfolk and Virginia Beach. For those of us fortunate enough to live close to coastal regions, the landscapes and waterscapes are constantly changing and are a never-ending source of fascination. But even if you don\u2019t live near the coast, any landscape \u2013 no matter how desolate and featureless \u2013 has a certain beauty when viewed from altitude.<\/p>\n

Preparation<\/strong><\/p>\n

In anything we do \u2013 flying, photography or cooking \u2013 preparation is a key factor for success. This is especially true in aviation since there are so many factors that are out of our control, and we have to learn to deal with them. So first, let\u2019s plan our flight from Chesterfield County Airport (KFCI) to NAS Oceana (KNTU). We see from our sectional map (reproduced here from our online flight planner) that the distance is 79 nm (nautical miles).<\/p>\n

We will be flying a Cessna 182 (a four-seat, high-wing aircraft) at an air speed of roughly 125 kts (about 140 mph), so our flight plan says the trip should take about 30 minutes. How long it will actually take, of course, depends on the winds aloft – tail wind or head wind. Ah, that\u2019s why one does a weather briefing!<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s fly!<\/strong><\/p>\n

6:00 am \u2013 arrive at airport: First things first – preflight the exterior of the airplane.<\/p>\n

Next, inspect the cockpit.<\/p>\n

6:30 am: Let\u2019s get our weather briefing. Uh, oh! The National Weather Service says we are ground-bound due to fog for at least another hour.<\/p>\n

Besides the safety considerations, we don\u2019t want to take off under these conditions because we wouldn\u2019t see the ground \u2013 can\u2019t see, then there are no images to make!<\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nothing to do but wait it out. Nobody\u2019s going anywhere until this stuff lifts.<\/p>\n

8:00 am: The weather improves enough that we can get airborne. Let\u2019s program our flight controller to take us where we want to go \u2013 NAS Oceana.<\/p>\n

8:15 am: We\u2019re airborne! Cleared to an altitude of 5,000 feet, we start taking pictures as soon as we rise above the cloud layer.<\/p>\n

Technique<\/strong><\/p>\n

First, if at all possible, set your camera to capture in RAW image format (further explanation in the post-processing section below).<\/p>\n

On the way up, we\u2019ve metered the scene so we have a good idea of the camera settings we\u2019ll use. We\u2019ve set the ISO to 200. A few test shots later, we see that 1\/500 sec. at f\/6 should give us some good results.<\/p>\n

Tip: even with optical stabilization found on modern cameras, it\u2019s a good idea not to let the camera touch any part of the aircraft. In fact, the only thing the camera should touch is your two hands \u2013 your body makes a great shock absorber.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/strong><\/p>\n

Since weather can be very fickled, the landscape plays a game of hide-and-seek. Many small towns look alike from the air. They can often be identified by the water tower.<\/p>\n

\"Aerial
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

In a quick aircraft like the Cessna 182, you\u2019ll often find that you\u2019re moving too fast to open the window and you\u2019ll have to create you images through it. That\u2019s generally not a problem as long as the window is in good condition and clean (we did clean the windows before departure, right?). Shooting through the window is another good reason why we don\u2019t use filters on our lenses.<\/p>\n

If we\u2019re flying at a slow enough speed (below 90 kts \u2013 103.7 mph) to open the window, we will often get clearer, sharper pictures. But there\u2019s a tradeoff \u2013 even at 90 kts, the wind rushing past you has the same force as a Category 1 hurricane.<\/p>\n

Holding the camera steady in these conditions can be a challenge. Brace your shoulder against the back of the seat and try not to let the lens barrel extend beyond the window frame. Be aware that with the window open, the cabin will be very loud \u2013 good reason to use a quality headset for clear communication with your pilot.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s a good idea to frequent breaks while photographing from the air. Prolonged periods of looking through the viewfinder can sometimes induce airsickness, so take some time to enjoy the scenery and plan your next photo.<\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/p>\n

Fun activity \u2013 spot an airport by using Visual Flight Rules. Identify it from the sectional map in your lap and you\u2019ll know exactly where you are!<\/strong><\/p>\n

9:00 am: We\u2019ve arrived at our destination airport. Assuming that you don\u2019t have any flying duties (like co-piloting), you can capture the entire landing sequence from final approach to touchdown. This is an experience you simply can\u2019t get while flying in a commercial airliner. When you show these pictures to friends and family, an often-heard reaction is, \u201cWow!\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/p>\n

Final approach to Runway 23L at NAS Oceana.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Now, take a break. Stretch your legs and hydrate. Drink plenty of water because altitude speeds up your natural dehydration. Be sure to take a bio-break before getting back on board for the trip home \u2013 there aren\u2019t any rest stops at 5,000 feet!<\/p>\n

We Have Arrived<\/strong><\/p>\n

Before returning home, we\u2019re going to fly around the Norfolk and Virginia Beach area, log some air time and see the city and its environs in a way few people get the chance to experience. We\u2019ve checked the weather again, and there are a few thunderstorms here and there between Norfolk and Richmond, but nothing that we can\u2019t easily avoid by flying around them.<\/p>\n

\"Aerial<\/p>\n

Virginia Beach Oceanfront<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Aerial
Now you see it, now you don\u2019t \u2013 The James River Tunnel. Because Norfolk is a deep-water port with many large ships passing through \u2013 including aircraft carriers \u2013 cars drive under the water so the ships don\u2019t have to deal with a bridge.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n


\nLet\u2019s Head Home<\/strong><\/p>\n

It\u2019s afternoon now, and as is typical for the season, the clouds are building into massive structures, often precursors of thunderstorms. Atmospheric instability can make for a bumpy ride, which makes aerial photography even more of a challenge. And if we look at our sectional map, we see that we\u2019re flying almost due west \u2013 right into the sun.<\/p>\n

Remember in an earlier installment of this series, we talked about how you have only one light source. Especially early in the morning or late in the afternoon, it\u2019s important to know where the sun is relative to your direction of flight, and at what angle the sun appears relative to the earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s very common to encounter glare reflected from the surface, especially if that surface happens to be water. Another condition you will likely experience is increased atmospheric haze, which becomes more apparent as you increase your altitude. As a general rule, you\u2019ll want to stay below 3,000 feet above ground level for the best photographic results.<\/p>\n

On the return trip home, the landscape will appear very different because it\u2019s a different time of day and you\u2019re approaching it from a different angle.<\/p>\n

Assuming you are sitting on the same side of the airplane, you\u2019ll be seeing everything that you didn\u2019t see on the outbound trip \u2013 more photo opportunities!<\/p>\n

And when you see your home airport just ahead, you\u2019ll realize what an incredible photographic experience you just had and you have lots of photo memories by which to remember it.<\/p>\n

\"Aerial
\u201cChesterfield traffic, Five-Seven-Six Charlie Alpha is turning base-to-final Runway One Five, Chesterfield. Full stop.\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n


\nPost-processing<\/strong><\/p>\n

The flight\u2019s not over until the aircraft is parked and tied down. It\u2019s been a good day and your SD card is full of wonderful aerial images. Now the fun begins \u2013 processing and editing your photos.<\/p>\n

As I noted earlier, atmospheric haze is a challenge you will nearly always encounter. You might remember that I advised against using any filters \u2013 even a UV haze reduction filter. Why? The incremental improvement offered by a haze reduction filter is not worth the degradation in sharpness induced by a filter.<\/p>\n

Thanks to digital technology, there are ways to mitigate the haze and color casts through the use of photo-editing software.<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s how:<\/p>\n

All of your photos were made in the RAW image format. These images files are like digital negatives \u2013 all the information captured by the sensor is in these files. Nothing is stripped away as it is when compressing to the more commonly used JPG format.<\/p>\n

All that extra information is critical to your ability to enhance your photos. Another advantage of RAW over camera-processed JPG is that it is extremely difficult to modify the white balance of a JPG image. Aerial photos are very prone to pronounced color casts, especially in the blue part of the spectrum. RAW-processing software provides a great deal of flexibility in dealing with these color shifts.<\/p>\n

Perhaps even more important than dealing with white balance is being able to alter the tonal contrast range of your image. Manipulating contrast and color saturation can do what no filter can even come close to doing.<\/p>\n

There are lots of software utilities available \u2013 it really doesn\u2019t matter which one you use as long as it allows you to control highlight, mid-tone and shadow contrasts independently. A digital technology called high-pass sharpening, used in conjunction with contrast control, can make visible the information contained in a RAW file \u2013 information that you might not necessarily see when looking at an uncorrected image.<\/p>\n

Here is an example of how this can work:<\/p>\n

\"Aerial
Before: RAW, uncorrected image, straight out of the camera. After: Image adjusted for white balance, tonal contrast and color saturation. No filter required.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n


\nInto the sunset<\/strong><\/p>\n

I hope you have enjoyed this series of articles and have found them useful in your pursuit of photographic excellence. Aerial photography is a challenge, but extremely rewarding.<\/p>\n

by Allen Moore
\nAll text & photos: \u00a9 2013 Allen Moore. All rights reserved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thus far in this series, we\u2019ve laid the \u201cgroundwork\u201d (so to speak) for capturing great aerial images. 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